Linux commands list

Here is a list of common Linux commands:

  • ls (list directory contents)
  • cd (change directory)
  • pwd (print working directory)
  • mkdir (make directory)
  • touch (create a file)
  • rm (remove files or directories)
  • cp (copy files or directories)
  • mv (move or rename files or directories)
  • cat (concatenate and display files)
  • echo (display a line of text)
  • tail (display the last part of a file)
  • head (display the first part of a file)
  • ping (test a network connection)
  • curl (transfer data from or to a server)
  • wget (download files from the web)
  • ssh (secure shell login)
  • scp (secure copy files between hosts)
  • tar (create or extract compressed archive files)
  • grep (search for patterns in text)
  • find (search for files in a directory hierarchy)
  • chmod (change file permissions)
  • chown (change file owner and group)
  • ps (display information about the current process)
  • top (display real-time system resource usage)
  • free (display amount of free and used memory)
  • df (display the amount of free disk space)
  • du (display the size of a directory or file)
  • tar (create or extract compressed archive files)
  • gzip (compress or decompress files)
  • unzip (extract files from a ZIP archive)
  • reboot (restart the system)
  • shutdown (power off the system)
  • mount (mount a file system)
  • umount (unmount a file system)
  • service (manage system services)
  • systemctl (manage the system and system services)
  • chkconfig (manage services that start at boot time)
  • nano (text editor)
  • vi (text editor)
  • sed (stream editor for filtering and transforming text)
  • sort (sort lines of text files)
  • awk (pattern scanning and processing language)
  • diff (compare files line by line)
  • patch (apply changes to files)
  • date (display or set the system date and time)
  • hostname (display or set the system hostname)
  • host (lookup host names and IP addresses)
  • netstat (display network connections and statistics)
  • route (manage the IP routing table)
  • ifconfig (configure network interface parameters)
  • iptables (configure Linux firewall rules)
  • dig (query DNS name servers)
  • traceroute (display the route taken by packets to a network host)
  • ssh-keygen (generate SSH keys for secure authentication)
  • scp (secure copy files between hosts)
  • rsync (synchronize files and directories between hosts)
  • tar (create or extract compressed archive files)
  • zip (create or extract ZIP archive files)
  • uname (display system information)
  • whoami (display the current user)
  • sudo (execute a command with administrative privileges)
  • su (switch to a different user account)
  • passwd (change user password)
  • adduser (add a new user account)
  • usermod (modify user account information)
  • groupadd (add a new group)
  • groupmod (modify group information)
  • userdel (delete a user account)
  • gpasswd (administrate group passwords)
  • kill (send a signal to a process to terminate it)
  • bg (run a job in the background)
  • fg (run a job in the foreground)
  • jobs (display the status of jobs in the background)
  • disown (remove a job from the list of jobs)
  • nohup (execute a command immune to hangups)
  • screen (multiplex multiple terminals)
  • tmux (terminal multiplexer)
  • ping (test a network connection)
  • traceroute (display the route taken by packets to a network host)
  • lsblk (list information about block devices)
  • df (display the amount of free disk space)
  • du (display the size of a directory or file)
  • touch (create a file)
  • rm (remove files or directories)
  • mv (move or rename files or directories)
  • cp (copy files or directories)
  • ln (create links between files)
  • chown (change file owner and group)
  • umask (set default file permission mask)
  • rmdir (remove an empty directory)
  • file (determine file type)
  • locate (find files by name)
  • which (display the full path of a command)
  • type (display the type of a command)
  • whereis (locate the binary, source, and manual files of a command)
  • dmesg (print or control the kernel ring buffer)
  • lsmod (list the currently loaded Linux kernel modules)
  • modprobe (add and remove modules from the Linux kernel)